🇪🇸 Retire abroad
Retire in Spain
The retirement route, what life costs against a typical pension, healthcare, safety and tax, for Americans thinking about retiring in Spain.
The retirement visa
| 🛂 Visa | Non-Lucrative Visa (NLV) |
| 💵 Requirement | €2,400/mo passive (~€28,800/yr, IPREM) |
| 🗓️ Visa-free visit on your passport | 90d Time to look around before you apply, as a tourist. |
| 📝 Good to know | No work allowed at all; 1 yr + 2-yr renewals. Golden Visa abolished Apr 2025 |
| 🏠 Path to permanent residency | PR at 5 yrs; citizenship at 10 (renounce-US rule applies, Ibero-American exceptions) |
| 📍 Where you apply | Both, consulate abroad (1-yr visa) OR in-country while legal (3-yr permit, the better deal) |
Can a $2,000-a-month pension cover it?
One person, all-in (everyday spending plus a 1-bedroom city-centre rent), against $2,000 a month, about the average US Social Security retirement check. Couples sharing a home spend less than twice this.
| City | All-in / month | Left from $2,000 | Weather |
|---|---|---|---|
| 🇪🇸 Seville | $1,712 | +$288 | 8 pleasant months |
| 🇪🇸 Las Palmas | $1,818 | +$182 | 8 pleasant months |
| 🇪🇸 Alicante | $1,854 | +$146 | 9 pleasant months |
| 🇪🇸 Valencia | $2,214 | −$214 | 9 pleasant months |
| 🇪🇸 Malaga | $2,217 | −$217 | 10 pleasant months |
| 🇪🇸 Madrid | $2,529 | −$529 | 6 pleasant months |
| 🇪🇸 Barcelona | $2,618 | −$618 | 7 pleasant months |
Healthcare, safety and daily life
| 🏥 Healthcare access | Very high (WHO coverage index 84/100) Medicare generally does not pay abroad: budget for private or international insurance. |
| 🛡️ Safety | Homicide 0.6/100k a year (US: roughly 6) |
| 🗣️ English | Moderate (EF English Proficiency Index) |
| 🧾 Tax once resident | 🔴 Heavy · Worldwide income, top 47% US tax treaty: ✅ Yes |
Your home pension and health cover
🇬🇧 The UK State Pension can be paid abroad, but it only rises each year if you live in the EEA, Switzerland or a country with a UK social-security agreement; elsewhere it stays frozen at the rate when you left. NHS cover ends when you move abroad for good.
🇨🇦 CPP is paid wherever you live. Old Age Security is paid abroad if you lived in Canada for 20+ years after age 18; otherwise it stops after six months away. Provincial health cover ends once you're no longer resident.
🇦🇺 The Age Pension can keep being paid abroad, but after 26 weeks away the rate can drop if you have fewer than 35 years of Australian residence. Medicare ends when you leave permanently.
🇪🇺 Within the EU, state pensions are paid wherever you live, and pensioners can register with the local health system using an S1 form. Outside the EU, check your country's pension agreement with Spain.
Pension rules change; confirm with your pension service before you move. The tax notes on this page are written for Americans.
Data last updated · Source: Curated immigration research + WHO, UNODC and EF indices
Retiring in Spain: common questions
Can Americans retire in Spain?
Yes. The main route is: Non-Lucrative Visa (NLV). Requirement: €2,400/mo passive (~€28,800/yr, IPREM). No work allowed at all; 1 yr + 2-yr renewals. Golden Visa abolished Apr 2025.
Can I retire in Spain on Social Security?
The average Social Security retirement check is about $2,000 a month. One person's all-in cost (everyday spending plus a 1-bedroom city-centre rent) runs from $1,712 in Seville to $2,618 in Barcelona, so a typical check can cover it in at least one city we track. Check the visa's own income requirement too.
Does Medicare cover me in Spain?
Generally no: Medicare does not pay for care outside the US except in rare cases. Most American retirees abroad buy local private or international health insurance, and some keep Medicare Part B for trips home.
How good is healthcare in Spain?
Very high access by the WHO's Universal Health Coverage index (84/100, 2023), which measures how well essential care reaches the population. Expats mostly use private hospitals, which are usually better in big cities.
Will Spain tax my US pension or Social Security?
High local tax on your income from anywhere once you become resident. What gets taxed: worldwide income. US tax treaty: Yes; treaties decide which country taxes pensions and Social Security, so check yours with a cross-border tax adviser. You keep filing US returns either way.